The Himalayan region is among the largest mountains systems of the world with uncounted unique medicinal plants resources. The lesser Himalayas ranges are the extension of Greater Himalayas. They have unique ecology, vegetation and diversity of medicinal flora due to tremendous variation in the altitude, climate and associated wildlife.
The utilization of medicinal plants in medicine suffers from the fact that although plants are used to treat diseases, scientific evidence is lacking in many cases. Different societies of the world use the plants according to their own beliefs and knowledge and previous experiences. Their knowledge about the use of the plants is usually not known to the other world or science. This book provides a brief introduction of Lesser Himalayas, ethnobotanical aspects, marketing and anthropogenic pressure on medicinal flora. It comprises one hundred medicinal plant species including Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Monocots and Dicots) along with their scientific description and traditional uses.
Table of Content
Chapter # 1 Introduction : Lesser Himalayas – Pakistan & Medicinal Plant Wealth
1.1 Pakistan
1.1.1 Physical regions
1.1.2 Biodiversity
1.1.3 Biography
1.1.4 Ecological zones
1.1.5 Critical ecosystems
1.2 Himalayan Range
1.2.1 Topography
1.2.2 Glaciers and Rivers
1.2.3 Climate
1.2.4 Flora
1.2.5 Fauna
1.2.6 Live stock
1.2.7 Culture
1.2.8 Occupation
1.3 Medicinal Flora
1.4 Folk recipes
1.5 Diagnosis and Prescription
1.6 Processing of Medicinal Plants
1.6.1 Collection and identification
1.6.2 Preservation
1.6.3 Storage
1.6.4 Marketing
References
Chapter # 2 Ethnobotanical aspects
2.1 Ethnobotany
2.2 Medicinal uses
2.3 Use of plants as food
2.4 Fuel wood species
2.5 Fodder species
2.6 Agricultural implements
2.7 Construction material
2.8 Fencing and Hedges
2.9 Timber wood
2.10 Miscellaneous uses
2.11 Grafting
2.12 Beekeeping
2.13 Marketing of Medicinal Plants
2.14 Anthropogenic Pressure
2.14.1 Major problems
2.14.2 Fire
2.14.3 Browsing
2.14.4 Grazing
2.14.5 Grass Cutting
2.14.6 Lopping
2.14.7 Torch Wood
2.14.8 Climatic Factors
2.14.9 Wild animals and insects
2.14.10 Agriculture
2.15 Recommendations
References
Chapter # 3
Medicinal Plants Inventory
Section – A Pteridophytes
1. Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn
2. Equisetum debile Roxb.
3. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
References
Section – B Gymnosperms
1. Abies pindrow Royle
2. Pinus roxburghii Sargent
3. Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jackson
References
Section – C (1) Angiosperms (Monocots)
1. Allium cepa Linn
2. Allium sativum Linn3. Acorus calamus L.
4. Arisaema utile Hook.f.ex Schott
5. Colchicum luteum Baker
6. Aloe vera Linn
7. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers
8. Cyperus rotundus Linn
9. Polygonatum verticillatum All
10. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers
11. Triticum aestivum Linn
12. Zea mays Linn
References
Section – C (2) Angiosperms (Dicots)
1. Acacia catechu (L.F) Wild
2. Acacia modesta Wall.
3. Acacia nilotica Linn
4. Achyranthes aspera Linn
5. Ajuga bracteosa Wall, ex Benth
6. Amaranthus viridis Linn
7. Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach
8. Berberis lycium Royle
9. Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb
10. Boerhaavia procumbens Banks.ex Roxb
11. Bombax ceiba Linn
12. Brassica campestris Linn
13. Calotropis procera (Wild) R.Br
14. Cannabis sativa Linn
15. Carissa opaca Stapf-ex Haines
16. Cassia fistula Linn
17. Cedrela toona Roxb.ex.Wild
18. Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn
19. Cichorium intybus Linn
20. Cissampelos pariera L.
21. Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm.
22. Clematis grata Wall.
23. Convolvulus arvensis Linn
24. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb
25. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb
26. Datura innoxia Miller
27. Debregeasia saeneb (Forssk) Heper and Wood
28. Dodonaea viscosa Linn
29. Euphorbia prostrata Ait
30. Ficus carica Forssk
31. Ficus virgata Wall.ex Roxb
32. Fumaria indica (Hausskan) Pugsley
33. Grewia tenax Drum.ex.Burret
34. Hedera helix Alin Auct
35. Indigofera garadiana Wall.
36. Ipomoea nil (Linn) Roth
37. Justicia adhatoda (Linn.) Nees
38. Mallotus philippensis (Lam) Muell. Arg
39. Melia azedarach Linn
40. Mentha longifolia (Linn), Huds
41. Mentha royleana Linn
42. Myrsine africana Linn
43. Olea ferruginea Royle
44. Otostegia limbata (Benth), Boiss
45. Oxalis corniculata Linn
46. Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle
47. Papaver somniferum L.
48. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene
49. Phyllanthus emblica Linn
50. Pimpinella diversifolia (Wall.)D.C
51. Pistacia chinensis Bge
52. Plantago lanceolata L.
53. Plantago major Linn
54. Portulaca oleracea L.
55. Prunus persica (Linn) Batsch
56. Punica granatum Linn
57. Quercus incana Roxb.
58. Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus
59. Ranunculus laetus Wall. ex. Hook. F. & Thoms
60. Rhus chinensi L.
61. Rosa brunonii Lindley
62. Rosa indica Linn
63. Rumex dentatus Linn
64. Rumex hastatus D.Don
65. Salvia moorcroftiana Wall.ex Benth
66. Sageretia brandrethiana Atich., J.L.S
67. Solanum nigrum L.
68. Solanum surratense Burm. f.
69. Tagetes minuta Linn
70. Taraxacum officinale Weber
71. Tribulus terrestris L.
72. Trichodesma indicum (L.) R.Br
73. Tylophora hirsuta Linn
74. Verbascum thapsus Linn
75. Viola canescens Wall.ex.Roxb
76. Vitex negundo Linn
77. Vitis vinifera Linn
78. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
79. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.).S.kurz
80. Zanthoxylum armatum Dc.Prodr
81. Zizyphus numalaria Linn
82. Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew
References
About the author
Arshad Mehmood Abbasi has obtained his M. Phil. in 2007 in Taxonomic and Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants from Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. He has published 13 research papers in national and international journals of repute. His research work concentrates on medicinal plants, ethnobotany, biodiversity, wild edible food resources (fruits and vegetables). Currently he is Ph D scholar and Research Associate in the Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.Prof. Dr. Mir Ajab Khan has obtained Ph.D. in 1984 in Plant bio-systematics from Leicester University England. His research work has concentrated on Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Labiatae, Scrophulariaceae, Boraginaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae of flowering plants. He has taught 32 Ph.D. and 75 M.Phil students in pure and applied disciplines of plant sciences. He has published seven books and 311 scientific papers in different national and foreign journals.
Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad obtained his Ph.D. in 2008 in plant taxonomy from Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. He has published 135 research papers in national and international journals of repute. He is author of six books. His research work has concentrated on authentication of problematic medicinal plants, fingerprinting, SEM techniques, biodiversity and biofuel technology. He is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Dr. Muhammad Zafar is herbarium botanist in the Department of Plant Sciences at Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. He is author of three books. He has published 88 research papers in different national and international journals of repute. His research interests are medicinal plants and herbarium management.
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