Jay Lee & Nikolay Novikov 
Innovative Superhard Materials and Sustainable Coatings for Advanced Manufacturing 
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Innovative Superhard Materials and Sustainable Coating, Kiev, Ukraine, 12 – 15 May 2004.

Modern industry imposes ever increasing requirements upon tools and tool materials as to the provision for performance under the conditions of high cutting speeds and dynamic loads as well as under intensive thermal and chemical interactions with workpiece materials. The industry demands a higher productivity in combination with the accuracy of geometry and dimensions of workpieces and quality of working surfaces of the machined pieces. These requirements are best met by the tool superhard materials (diamond and diamond-like cubic boron nitride). Ceramics based on silicon carbide, aluminum and boron oxides as well as on titanium, silicon and aluminum nitrides offer promise as tool materials. Tungsten-containing cemented carbides are still considered as suitable tool materials. Hi- hardness and high strength composites based on the above materials fit all the requirements imposed by machining jobs when manufacturing elements of machinery, in particular those operating under the extreme conditions of high temperatures and loads. These elements are produced of difficult– machine high-alloy steels, nickel refractory alloys, high-tech ceramics, materials with metallic and non-metallic coatings having improved wear resistance, as well as of special polymeric and glass-ceramic materials. Materials science at high pressure deals with the use of high-pressure techniques for the development and production of unique materials whose preparation at ambient pressure is impossible (e. g. , diamond, cubic boron nitride, etc. ) or of materials with properties exceeding those of materials produced at ambient pressure (e. g. , high-temperature superconductors).

Table of Content

The Bridge Between the Ideal and Real Mechanical Properties for Superhard Materials.- Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Spontaneus Crystallization of Diamond and Cubic Boron Nitride.- Strain-Induced Disorder and Phase Transformation in Hexagonal Boron Nitride under Quasi-Homogeneous Pressure up to 25 GPa: In-Situ X-Ray Study in a Rotational Diamond Anvil Cell.- Combining Hard with Soft Materials in Nanoscale under High-Pressure High-Temperature Conditions.- Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials.- High-Pressure Synthesis of Mg B2-Based Material with High Critical Currents.- Promising Superhard Materials and Efficient Technologies of Their Production.- Light Element Polycrystalline Structures Incorporating Micron to Nanosize Constituents.- Electrical Properties of Crystalline 3D-Polymeric C60 Fullerites Obtained by HPHT Treatment.- The Influence of Detonation Nanodiamond Powder on Blood Cells.- Structural and Adsorption Characteristics of Porous Industrial Diamond.- Influence of Initial Diamond Raw Material Strength on Quality of Produced on Its Base Thin Micron Powders.- Recent Progress in Growth of Diamond Crystals.- Peculiarities of Graphite Transformation under High Pressure.- Thin Film Coatings as a Sensor Fabricated on Mechanical Parts.- Grain Boundary Engineering of Nanostructured Chromium Films.- Phosphorus Related Characteristics of Synthetic Diamonds.- A Survey of Coating Technologies in Japanese Small and Medium Enterprises.- Tribological Properties of ta-C Films Deposited on Hard Metal Substrate.- Application of Diamond-Like Carbon Film in Optical Waveguide Sensing System.- Recent News of Manufacture of Hip Joint Prostheses: Problems and Solutions.- Capillary Phenomena, Phase Interaction at the Graphite-Metal Melt Interface and Diamond Synthesis.- Mechanism of Cubic Boron Nitride Formation and Phase Equilibria in the Mg—BN and Al N—BN Systems.- Amorphous Diamond, Its Production, Identification and Some Properties.- The Effect of the Field of Residual Strains on the n-Beam X-Ray Diffraction on Diamond.- Phase Diagram and Diamond Synthesis in the Aluminum—Carbon System at a Pressure of 8 GPa.- Superconducting Tunnel Junctions with Inelastic Processes in Barriers.- Diamond-Carbon Composites. Physico-Chemical Properties, New Areas of Their Application.- Chemical Properties of Nanodiamond.- Surface Chemistry of Submicron c BN Powders.- Uniformity of Superhard Material Grinding Powders.- The Influence of Conditions of the Detonation Synthesis (DS) on the Degree of Transformation and Physico-Chemical Properties of Detonation Diamonds (DD).- The Effect of the Structure of a Two-Layer Cutting Insert on Its Physicomechanical Characteristics.- Comparative Study of Near Stochiometric a-Si C:H and a-Si C Films: Effect of the Bonded Hydrogen.- Certification of Hardened Diamond Like Coatings (DLCs) Mechanical Properties.- The Modification of Tribological Properties of Diamond Like Coatings (DLCs) Obtained by Graphite Sputtering in Argon and Nitrogen Ions Presence.- Application of Diamond-like Films for Improving Transparency in the IR.- Influence of the Temperature on Electronic Properties of Carbon-Rich BN Films Obtained from (C2H5)3B by Means of Reactive Pulse Plasma Method.- New Technological and Hardware Resources of Creation Multilayered Protective Functional Coatings.- Effect of Corrosion Environment on the Fatigue Behavior of WC — Co Hard Alloy Teeth of Drill Bits.