K. Daniel Wong 
Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Engineering Technologies 

A broad introduction to the fundamentals of wireless
communication engineering technologies

Covering both theory and practical topics, Fundamentals of
Wireless Communication Engineering Technologies offers a sound
survey of the major industry-relevant aspects of wireless
communication engineering technologies. Divided into four main
sections, the book examines RF, antennas, and propagation; wireless
access technologies; network and service architectures; and other
topics, such as network management and security, policies and
regulations, and facilities infrastructure. Helpful
cross-references are placed throughout the text, offering
additional information where needed.

The book provides:

* Coverage that is closely aligned to the IEEE’s Wireless
Communication Engineering Technologies (WCET) certification program
syllabus, reflecting

* the author’s direct involvement in the development of the
program

* A special emphasis on wireless cellular and wireless LAN
systems

* An excellent foundation for expanding existing knowledge in the
wireless field by covering industry-relevant aspects of wireless
communication

* Information on how common theories are applied in real-world
wireless systems

With a holistic and well-organized overview of wireless
communications, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication
Engineering Technologies is an invaluable resource for anyone
interested in taking the WCET exam, as well as practicing
engineers, professors, and students seeking to increase their
knowledge of wireless communication engineering technologies.

Table of Content

FOREWORD xix

PREFACE xxi

I PRELIMINARIES

1 Introduction 3

1.1 Notation 4

1.2 Foundations 4

1.3 Signals and Systems 12

1.4 Signaling in Communications Systems 27

II RADIO FREQUENCY, ANTENNAS, AND PROPAGATION

2 Introduction to Radio Frequency, Antennas, and Propagation37

2.1 Mathematical Preliminaries 37

2.2 Electrostatics, Current, and Magnetostatics 41

2.3 Time-Varying Situations, Electromagnetic Waves, and Transmission Lines 46

2.4 Impedance 56

2.5 Tests and Measurements 57

3 Radio-Frequency Engineering 63

3.1 Introduction and Preliminaries 64

3.2 Noise 70

3.3 System Issues Related to Nonlinearity 80

3.4 Mixing and Related Issues 85

3.5 Oscillators and Related Issues 87

3.6 Amplifiers and Related Issues 89

3.7 Other Components 90

4 Antennas 93

4.1 Characterization 94

4.2 Examples 105

4.3 Antenna Arrays 111

4.4 Practical Issues: Connecting to Antennas, Tuning, and so on122

5 Propagation 125

5.1 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation: Common Effects 126

5.2 Large-Scale Effects in Cellular Environments 132

5.3 Small-Scale Effects in Cellular Environments 137

5.4 Incorporating Fading Effects in the Link Budget 148

III WIRELESS ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES

6 Introduction to Wireless Access Technologies 159

6.1 Review of Digital Signal Processing 160

6.2 Digital Communications for Wireless Access Systems 169

6.3 The Cellular Concept 173

6.4 Spread Spectrum 177

6.5 OFDM 185

7 Component Technologies 193

7.1 Medium Access Control 193

7.2 Handoff 202

7.3 Power Control 208

7.4 Error Correction Codes 210

8 Examples of Air-Interface Standards: GSM, IS-95, Wi Fi219

8.1 GSM 220

8.2 IS-95 CDMA 226

8.3 IEEE 802.11 Wi Fi 235

9 Recent Trends and Developments 249

9.1 Third-Generation CDMA-Based Systems 249

9.2 Emerging Technologies for Wireless Access 253

9.3 HSPA and HRPD 258

9.4 IEEE 802.16 Wi MAX 262

9.5 LTE 270

9.6 What’s Next? 273

IV NETWORK AND SERVICE ARCHITECTURES

10 Introduction to Network and Service Architectures277

10.1 Review of Fundamental Networking Concepts 278

10.2 Architectures 285

10.3 IP Networking 290

10.4 Teletraffic Analysis 301

11 GSM and IP: Ingredients of Convergence 307

11.1 GSM 308

11.2 Vo IP 315

11.3 Qo S 323

12 Toward an All-IP Core Network 333

12.1 Making IP Work with Wireless 333

12.2 GPRS 341

12.3 Evolution from GSM to UMTS up to the Introduction of IMS346

12.4 IP Multimedia Subsystem 354

12.5 Other Networks 362

13 Service Architectures, Alternative Architectures, and Looking Ahead 367

13.1 Services 367

13.2 Service Architectures 371

13.3 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 379

13.4 Mesh, Sensor, and Vehicular Networks 384

V MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

14 Network Management 393

14.1 Requirements and Concepts 393

14.2 Network Management Models 394

14.3 SNMP 397

15 Security 415

15.1 Basic Concepts 415

15.2 Cryptography 419

15.3 Network Security Protocols 422

15.4 Wireless Security 432

16 Facilities Infrastructure 443

16.1 Communications Towers 444

16.3 Additional Topics 462

17 Agreements, Standards, Policies, and Regulations467

17.1 Agreements 468

17.2 Standards 469

17.3 Policies 478

17.4 Regulations 479

EXERCISE SOLUTIONS 487

APPENDIX A: SOME FORMULAS AND IDENTITIES 497

APPENDIX B: WCET GLOSSARY EQUATION INDEX 499

APPENDIX C: WCET EXAM TIPS 501

APPENDIX D: SYMBOLS 503

APPENDIX E: ACRONYMS 509

INDEX 519

About the author

K. Daniel Wong, Phd (Stanford), is a member of the Practice Analysis Task Force (PATF), which was organized by the IEEE Communications Society and created the initial list of topics for the WCET. After teaching at the Malaysia University of Science and Technology, he started his own training and consulting company in wireless networking and software. He often teaches a variety of highly rated and well received courses on wireless communications. In addition, he has contributed to numerous books, journal and magazine papers, and conference papers.