Manmohan Singh 
Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems 

The authoritative reference on recent developments in
vaccinology

New technologies, including recombinant protein and DNA, have
sparked phenomenal progress in vaccine development and delivery
systems. This unique resource brings scientists up to date on
recent advances and provides the information they need to select
candidate adjuvants. With chapters written by leading experts in
their fields, Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems:

* Provides a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving field
and developing formulation methods

* Covers cutting-edge technologies and gives the current status of
adjuvants in clinical trials and those still in the pre-clinical
stage

* Includes detailed information on specific vaccine adjuvants,
including MF59, TLR4 agonists, new iscoms, cytokines,
polyphosphazenes, and more

* Provides a historical perspective on the development of vaccine
adjuvants and discusses the mechanisms of adjuvant actions

* Covers some novel adjuvants and delivery systems and the safety
evaluation of adjuvants

A great reference for researchers, scientists, and students in
vaccinology, biotechnology, immunology, and molecular biology, this
resource is also valuable for researchers and scientists in
veterinary medicine who work to prevent diseases in animals.

Table of Content

Contributors vii

Preface ix

1 Development of Vaccine Adjuvants: A Historical Perspective 1
Gary Ott and Gary Van Nest

2 Antigen Processing and Presentation 33
Subash Sad

3 Mechanisms of Adjuvant Action 53
Nils Lycke

4 Aluminum-Containing Adjuvants: Properties, Formulation, and Use 81
Stanley L. Hem and Harm Hogen Esch

5 MF59: A Safe and Potent Oil-in-Water Emulsion Adjuvant 115
Derek T. O’Hagan and Manmohan Singh

6 TLR4 Agonists as Vaccine Adjuvants 131
David A. Johnson and Jory R. Baldridge

7 Immunostimulatory Cp G Oligodeoxynucleotides as Vaccine Adjuvants 157
Dennis M. Klinman, Debbie Currie, and Hidekazu Shirota

8 Small Molecule Immunopotentiators as Vaccine Adjuvants 175
Fengfeng Xu, Nicholas M. Valiante, and Jeffrey B. Ulmer

9 New ISCOMs Meet Unsettled Vaccine Demands 191
Bror Morein, Kefei Hu, Karin Lövgren, and Erik D’Hondt

10 Surface-Charged Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Microparticles as Novel Antigen Delivery Systems 223
Manmohan Singh, James Chesko, Jina Kazzaz, Mildred Ugozolli, Padma Malyala, and Derek T. O’Hagan

11 Liposomal Cytokines and Liposomes Targeted to Co-Stimulatory Molecules as Adjuvants for HIV
Subunit Vaccines 249
Bulent Ozpolat and Lawrence B. Lachman

12 Archaeosome Vaccine Adjuvants for Cross-Priming CD8+T-Cell Immunity 263
Lakshmi Krishnan and G. Dennis Sprott

13 Mucosal Adjuvants and Delivery Systems 295
Michael Vajdy

14 Cytokines as Vaccine Adjuvants 327
Nejat K. Egilmez

15 Polyphosphazenes as Vaccine Adjuvants 355
Alexander K. Andrianov

16 Vaccine Delivery by Transdermal Electroporation 379
Amit Misra

17 Nonclinical Safety Assessment of Vaccines and the Evaluation of Novel Adjuvants and Delivery Systems 403
Jose A. Lebron, Jayanthi J. Wolf, Catherine V. Kaplanski, and Brian J. Ledwith

18 Safety Evaluation of Vaccine Adjuvants 421
Erik B. Lindblad

Index 445

About the author

MANMOHAN SINGH, M.Pharm., Ph D, has worked in the area of vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems for seventeen years and has authored over eighty-five manuscripts and review articles. Dr. Singh is on the editorial board of five international journals and has contributed several book chapters. He is a Director of Vaccine Research within Novartis Vaccines.