Phil R. Cummins & Laura S. L. Kong 
Tsunami Science Four Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 
Part II: Observation and Data Analysis

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was triggered by a 9. 15 magnitude earthquake (MELTZNER et al. , 2006; CHLIEH et al. , 2007) that occurred at 0:58:53 GMT, 7:58:53 LT (USGS) (t ). The epicenter was located at 3. 3 N, 95. 8 E (Fig. 1) with a focal depth of EQ approximately 30 km. The earthquake was responsible for a sudden fault slip estimated on average from 12–15 m (SYNOLAKIS et al. , 2005; LAY et al. , 2005) to 20 m (FU and SUN, 30 2006). The seismic moment estimate (Mo = 1. 3 5 9 10 dyne-cm), based on the Figure 1 Locations of video recordings, recovered clocks, and reliable eyewitness observations. 1: Coastal plains ?ooded by the tsunami; 2: non-?ooded coastal plains; 3: uplands. Insert 3D-map showing the Sumatra Island, the studied area, and the epicenter of the 26/12/2004 earthquake. The video taken at Uteuen Badeue, on the eastern edge of the Banda Aceh Bay, was recorded by the chief of the Fishery Regional Of?ce from the top of a cliff. The movie that was shot near the Baiturrahman mosque in downtown Banda Aceh has been shown worldwide on TV. The one at Peukan Bada has been recorded during a wedding party. The last two movies were analyzed in detail in order to calculate the tsunami velocity (FRITZ et al. , 2006). Vol.

Table of Content

to “Tsunami Science Four Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, Part II: Observation and Data Analysis”.- Field Survey and Geological Effects of the 15 November 2006 Kuril Tsunami in the Middle Kuril Islands.- The November 15, 2006 Kuril Islands-Generated Tsunami in Crescent City, California.- Validation and Joint Inversion of Teleseismic Waveforms for Earthquake Source Models Using Deep Ocean Bottom Pressure Records: A Case Study of the 2006 Kuril Megathrust Earthquake.- Variable Tsunami Sources and Seismic Gaps in the Southernmost Kuril Trench: A Review.- In situ Measurements of Tide Gauge Response and Corrections of Tsunami Waveforms from the Niigataken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake in 2007.- Excitation of Resonant Modes along the Japanese Coast by the 1993 and 1983 Tsunamis in the Japan Sea.- Numerical Study of Tsunami Generated by Multiple Submarine Slope Failures in Resurrection Bay, Alaska, during the M w 9.2 1964 Earthquake.- Lituya Bay Landslide Impact Generated Mega-Tsunami 50th Anniversary.- Tsunamis on the Pacific Coast of Canada Recorded in 1994–2007.- The 15 August 2007 Peru Earthquake and Tsunami: Influence of the Source Characteristics on the Tsunami Heights.- Tide Gauge Observations of 2004–2007 Indian Ocean tsunamis from Sri Lanka and Western Australia.- Reconstruction of Tsunami Inland Propagation on December 26, 2004 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, through Field Investigations.- The 1856 Tsunami of Djidjelli (Eastern Algeria): Seismotectonics, Modelling and Hazard Implications for the Algerian Coast.- Analysis of Observed and Predicted Tsunami Travel Times for the Pacific and Indian Oceans.