Philip S. Brachman & Elias Abrutyn 
Bacterial Infections of Humans 
Epidemiology and Control

In Memoriam of Alfred S. Evans The third edition of Bacterial Infections of Humans is dedicated to Alfred Spring Evans, who died on January 21, 1996, 2 ½ years after a diagnosis of cancer. Al was the senior editor of this textbook, which he founded with Harry Feldman in 1982. Al was a clinician, epidemiologist, educator, ca- lyst for biomedical research, historian, author, speaker, seeker of the truth, sincere friend of students, sports enthusiast, traveler, and truly a man of all seasons. He was a devoted husband to Brigette Klug Evans, father of three children, and grandfather of four. Al was born in Buffalo, New York, on August 21, 1917, to Ellen Spring and John H. Evans, M. D. , one of the United States’s ?rst anesthesiologists and an early researcher in the ?eld of oxygen therapy. He received his undergraduate training at the University of Michigan; was awarded an M. D. degree in 1943 from the University of Buffalo; interned in Pittsburgh, Pe- sylvania; and performed his medical residency at the Goldwater Hospital in New York City. He was in the United States Army from 1944 to 1946, assigned as a public health of?cer to a base in Okinawa, Japan. It was there that he met Drs. Albert Sabin and John R. Paul, who came to Okinawa to test a new Japanese encepha- tis vaccine. Al was invited by Dr. Paul to come to Yale Alfred S.

Table of Content

Epidemiological Concepts.- Public Health Surveillance.- Molecular Epidemiology.- The Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents.- Anthrax.- Bacterial Foodborne Disease.- Botulism.- Brucellosis.- Campylobacter Infections.- Chancroid.- Chlamydial Infections.- Cholera.- Clostridium difficile.- Diphtheria.- Escherichia coli Diarrhea.- Gonococcal Infections.- Haemophilus influenzae.- Helicobacter pylori.- Legionellosis.- Leprosy.- Leptospirosis.- Listeria monocytogenes Infections.- Lyme Disease.- Meningococcal Infections.- Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Other Human Mycoplasmas.- Healthcare-Acquired Bacterial Infections.- Pertussis.- Plague.- Pneumococcal Infections.- Q fever.- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.- Salmonellosis: Nontyphoidal.- Shigellosis.- Evans’ Infections of Humans: Staphylococcal Infections.- Streptococcal Infections.- Syphilis.- Syphilis.- Tetanus.- Toxic Shock Syndrome (Staphylococcal).- Tuberculosis.- Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections.- Tularemia.- Typhoid Fever.- Yersinia enterocolitica Infections.