Author: Richard D. Howard

Richard D. Howard is retired director of institutionalresearch and professor of educational policy and administration atthe University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. He served as editor ofResources in Institutional Research. Gerald W. McLaughlin is an associate vice president forenrollment management and marketing at DePaul University inChicago. He has served as editor of AIR”s Professional File andIR Applications. William E. Knight is executive director of institutionaleffectiveness and an adjunct faculty member at Ball StateUniversity in Muncie, Indiana. He has been associate editor ofResources in Institutional Research. The Association for Institutional Research (AIR) is aprofessional association of institutional researchers, planners, and decision makers from higher education institutions around theworld. The editors have each served as AIR president.