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Maurice G. Kains 
Five Acres and Independence 

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Everyone who has ever dreamed of getting back to the soil will derive from Maurice Grenville Kains‘ practical and easy-to-understand discussions a more complete view of what small-scale farming means. Countless readers of Five Acres and Independence have come away with specific projects to begin and moved closer to the fulfillment of their dreams of independence on a small farm.
Whether you already own a suitable place or are still looking, Five Acres and Independence will help you learn to evaluate land for both its total economic and its specific agricultural possibilities. There are methods of calculating costs of permanent improvements — draining the land, improving soil, planting wind breaks, putting in septic tanks, cellars, irrigation systems, greenhouses, etc. — and methods of carrying out those improvements. There are suggestions for specific crops — strawberries, grapes, vegetables, orchards, spring, summer, and fall crops, transplanting, timing, repairing what already exists — with methods of deciding what is best for your land and purposes and techniques for making each of them pay. There are suggestions for animals for the small-scale farmer — goats, chickens, bees — and means of working them into your overall farm design. And there are suggestions for keeping your small farm in top production condition, methods of continually increasing the value of your farm, methods of marketing your produce and of accurately investing in improvements — virtually everything a small-scale farmer needs to know to make his venture economically sound.
Some things, of course, have changed since 1940 when M. G. Kains revised Five Acres and Independence. But the basic down-to-earth advice of one of the most prominent men in American agriculture and the methods of farming the small-scale, pre-DDT farm are still essentially the same. Much of the information in this book was built on USDA and state farm bureau reports; almost all of it was personally tested by M. G. Kains, either on his own farms or on farms of the people who trusted him as an experienced consultant. His book went through more than 30 editions in the first 10 years after its original publication. It has helped countless small farmers attain their dreams, and it continues today as an exceptional resource for those who want to make their first farming attempt.



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Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. INTRODUCTION

‚A word about the author, his practical experience, and qualifications suggest reliability of the text.‘

2. CITY vs. COUNTRY LIFE

Advantages and disadvantages

City vicissitudes

‚Dependence upon ‚income‘ to supply ‚outgo‘

‚Country stability, productivity‘

‚Dependence upon ‚outgo‘ to supply ‚income‘

Self-supporting

‚Occupancy of home in country vs. tenancy of ‚flat‘ in city ‚

‚Health, welath, happiness in country home‘

3. TRIED AND TRUE WAYS TO FAIL

‚Too little, capital, unfavorable location, uncongenial soil, too large area, inefficient soil preparation and tillage, lack of feding, big-headedness, inexperience, city hours, laziness, too many pets and guests‘

4. WHO IS LIKELY TO SUCCEED?

Thinker and worker

Owner on the Spot

Absentee direction

Book farming

Observation as a teacher

Hired help

5. FIGURES DON’T LIE

Striking figures from U.S. Census and Department of Agriculture reports

Supply and demand

Relation to and contrast with individual owner’s problems on productive land

6. THE FARM TO CHOOSE

Soil survey maps

Character of soil

Nature of plant growth already on the land

‚Depth, drainage, slope, freedom from stones, previous crops and yields, neighborhood crops and yields‘

7. WHERE TO LOCATE

Good roads

Their up-keep

Snow removal

Site with respect to roadside sales

Distance from market

‚Schools, churches, electric current, buses, stores, doctors, etc.‘

8. LAY AND LAY-OUT OF LAND

Elevation

Aspect

Frostiness

‚Impediments such as fences, boulders, stone walls‘

Fields-sizes and shapes

‚Roadways, lanes and paths‘

Arrangement of buildings

9. ‚WIND-BREAKS, PRO AND CON‘

Importance

Types

Influence on crops

Animals and residence

Workability in their shelter

Good and bad kinds

Saving of fuel

Production of fuel

10. ESSENTIAL FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

Good seed

Good breed of animal

Variety

‚Strain‘

Abundant water and available plant food in the soil

Rational tillage

Ample space between plants and for animals

11. RENTING vs. BUYING

Advantages and disadvantages of each

Various ways to manage depend upon each

Renting with option of buying

Buying a small place but working large rented area

12. CAPITAL

Investment and working money

Cost of land

Rent of property

Insurance

Equipment

Nursery stock and other plants

Animals

Labor

Time needed to get returns

13. FARM FINANCE

Importance of credit

Origin of capital

How secured

Borrowing for production

Usury

Fundamental rules for borrowing

Character of borrower and business ability

Annual inventory and budget

Bank cashier as advisor and confidant

Safety deposit boxes

14. FARM ACCOUNTS

Planning for production

‚Knowledge of market, and the truth about one’s business‘

Record of crops and animals individually and of the farm as a whole

Account books

15. WATER SUPPLY

Rain water and cisterns

Filter cisterns

Cistern capacities

Cistern cleaning and purification

Springs gravity piping

Pneumatic pressure systems

Hydraulic rams

16 SEWAGE DISPOSAL

Primitive methods

Cess pools

Septic tanks

Tank construction

Personal experience

17. FUNCTIONS OF WATER

Necessity in plant and animal growth

Quantity needed by plants

Types of water in soil

Conservation by tillage and mulching

18. DRAINAGE

Importance

Methods

Instances to prove their value

19. IRRIGATION

Methods

Types of apparatus

Assurance of adequate water

Success in spite of drought

Use to supply fertilizer and certain kinds of spraying

20. FROST DAMAGE PREVENTION

What frost is

How it affects plants

Plant resistance to damage

Hardy and tender plants

Preventing fall of temperature to or below danger point

Forecasting local frosts

Methods available

21. LIVE STOCK

‚Advantages and disadvantages of keeping cow, pig, poultry, rabbits, bees‘

Desirable and undesirable kinds to have

22. POULTRY

Chicken for eggs and meat

‚Duck, geese, turkeys, pigeons‘

Scrubs vs. breeds and strains

‚Housing, feeding, yarding, range, management ‚

Hatching vs. buying day-old chicks

Brooding

Sanitation

Etc.

23. BEES

Honey the principal interest

Importance in fruit production

Management easy but imperative

24. GREENHOUSES

Standardized styles preferable to home built

Advantages

Sizes desirable

Avoidance of mistakes

Types of houses

Ventilation

Heating

Greenhouse builders‘ contracts and propostions

25. COLDFRAMES AND HOTBEDS

Invaluable to start seedlings

Limitations of each

Types of each

How and where to make them

Hardening-off plants

Electric heating and regulation most desirable

26. SOILS AND THEIR CARE

Nature’s soils injured by man

Reclamation

Types of soils and how to handle them

Humus

How to judge soil values

Soil erosion and its prevention

27. MANURES

Stable manure best

Why

Scarcity and cost

Fresh vs. rotted

Dried and pulverized

Amounts to apply

Functons in the soil

Experiences and experiments

28. COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS

Supplements to manures

Organic and inorganic

Value of each

Cautions in using

Compositon

Most important unmixed ones

Functions of each

‚Mixed goods‘

 

Importance of competent advice before attempting such work

Many trees not worth reclamation

How to determine useful ones

Tree surgery not desirable from income basis

Personal appraisal methods

Renovation methods

37. FRUIT TREE PRUNING

Principles

Applications

Methods good and bad

Times to prune

Tree architecture

Building strong trees

Vine and Bush training and pruning

Knowledge of flower bud formation and position essential

38. GRAFTING FRUIT TREES

Simple methods

Trees not to graft

Best ones and best branches to use

How to get and keep scions

Time to graft

Grafting waxes

Paraffin

Repair or bridge grafting to save girdled trees.

39. HOW TO AVOID NURSERY STOCK LOSSES

‚Buyers, not nurserymen, most often responsible for death of stock‘

Right and wrong handling

Loose planting

Bearing age trees unsatisfactory

Young stock best to order

Pruning after planting

Treatment of Y-crotch trees

Staking

Label removal

40. VEGETABLE CROPS TO AVOID AND TO CHOOSE

‚Quick and slow maturing kinds, staple and fancy kinds high and low quality varieties, good vs. poor keepers, kinds saleable in several ways‘

41. SEEDS AND SEEDING

Types of seeds

Effect of weight on sprouting and the crop

Seed testing

Age of seed

Seedsman’s reputation

‚Special stock‘ seed‘

Seedsmen’s trial grounds

‚Seed growing, selection‘

Sowing times

Temperature

Depth

Etc.

42. TRANSPLANTING

Stages of development

Pre-watering

Preparation of soils and flats

‚Lifting, pricking-out, spotting board and dibble‘

‚Depth, watering, hardening‘

Planting in the open

After-care

43. PLANTS FOR SALE

Often highly profitable near town of amateur gardeners

General and special stocks and sales methods

Advertising

44. SOMETHING TO SELL EVERY DAY

Crops in demand

‚Crops that ‚work over well‘

‚Pickles, jams, jellies, juices, syrups, preserves, ‚canned goods‘

Eggs

Chickens

Ducks

Honey

Plants

Flowers

45. STRAWBERRIES

Regular season and everbearing kinds

Culture systems of training

‚After fruiting, what? ‚

Companion and succession crops

Quickest fruit to bear

Often highly profitable

Every farm should have them

46. GRAPES

Planting

Pruning

Training

Precocious and annual fruiting

Long season of fruiting by successional ripening of varieties and storage

47. BUSH AND CANE FRUITS

‚Raspberry, blackberry, currant, gooseberry, dewberry, blueberry‘

Varieties

Culture

48. SMALL FARM FRUIT GARDENS

Does the ordinary farm orchard pay?

Investigational experiment

Improved methods of cultivation

Varieties for home use

Sequence of rippening

Lay-out of orchard and small fruits

49. SELECTION OF TREE FRUITS

Varieties to choose

Type of trade to work for

‚General market, roadside sales, personal trade‘

Successional ripening to hold trade

Filler trees and other fruits

Inter-tilled crops to help pay costs of development

50. STORAGE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

‚Methods, good and bad for various types of crops‘

‚Root cellars, pits, storage houses, lofts‘

Arrangement

Ventilation

Cooling

Heating

Sanitation

Fumigation

51. ESSENTIALS OF SPRAYING AND DUSTING

‚Spraying, dusting and other methods effective when properly used‘

Fruit and vegetable insect enemies

APPENDICES

INDEX

Sprache Englisch ● Format EPUB ● Seiten 432 ● ISBN 9780486316888 ● Dateigröße 5.0 MB ● Verlag Dover Publications ● Erscheinungsjahr 2013 ● herunterladbar 24 Monate ● Währung EUR ● ID 5614007 ● Kopierschutz Adobe DRM
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