Karin Von Hippel 
Europe Confronts Terrorism 

Europe Confronts Terrorism examines the institutional, political, security and reforms that have taken place in Europe since the catastrophic terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001. The tragic attacks in Madrid on 11 March 2004 – to date, the worst terror attack on European soil – demonstrated that Europe was also a target, and emphasized the necessity of decisively defeating the al-Qa’ida organization, movement and network. Europe undertook a number of reforms, not only as a response to the terror attacks, US unilateralism and individual country concerns about becoming the next target, but also as part of a process that had been underway since the 1970s.

Table of Content

Introduction: Europe Confronts Terrorism K.Von Hippel PART I: COUNTRY CASE STUDIES France; K.A. O’Brien Germany; T.Szyszkowitz Greece; T.Dokos Italy; D.Sagramoso & A.Nativi Nordic Responses; S.Myrdal Spain: Part I – Counter-terrorism in Spain – An Overview; A.Ramos Spain: Part II – Islamic Extremism; J.Jordán & N.Horsburgh The United Kingdom; P.Cornish PART II: EUROPE AND AMERICA: TRANSATLANTIC TENSION AND CONVERGENCE The European Union; T.Szyszkowitz A View from America: Tactical Unity, Strategic Divide; V.La Fleur Transatlantic Counter-Terrorism Cooperation after 11 September 2001; J.Stevenson Military Reforms: Closing the Capability Gap; T.Garden Balancing Security and Human Rights: Post 9/11 Reactions in the United States and Europe; C.Giorgetti Conclusions: A Three-Year Progress Report and Tackling Root Causes; K.Von Hippel Index

About the author

PAUL CORNISH Director, Centre for Defence Studies, King’s College London, UK THANOS DOKOS Director of Studies, Hellenic Foundation for European & Foreign Policy, Greece TIMOTHY GARDEN Centre for Defence Studies, King’s College London, UK CHIARA GIORGETTI Lalive & Partners, Geneva, Switzerland NICOLA HORSBURGH Research Fellow, International Policy Institute, King’s College London, UK JAVIER JORDAN Department of Political Science, University of Granada, Spain VINCA LAFLEUR Visiting Fellow, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, USA SARA MYRDAL Swedeish Emergency Management Agency, Sweden ANDREA NATIVI Expert on Military Affais, Italy KEVIN A. O’BRIEN RAND Europe, UK ANA RAMOS EFE, Spain DOMITILLA SAGRAMOSO Research Fellow, Centre for Defence Studies, King’s College London, UK JONATHAN STEVENSON Senior Fellow, International Institute for Strategic Studies, UK TESSA SZYSZKOWITZ Historian, Austria