Guo Weidong 
Supplement to the Old Covenants of China and Foreign Countries (Qing Dynasty) – The Subsequent Support Project of National Social Science Fund (Part II) 

Treaties originated from the international wars, peaces and connections and are the legal agreements between or among the subjects.The book makes a supplement to the Collection of Old Covenants of China and Foreign Countries edited by Wang Tieya.The author has fully collected, translated, commented and supplemented the treaties signed by the government of Qing Dynasty and foreign countries, covering the treaties concluded between Chinese and foreign governments and the charters and agreements (whichever is more important) between China and foreign companies and legal persons.Strictly speaking, such charters or contracts are not within the scope of international treaties. However, in the late Qing dynasty after the Opium War, such charters often held the same effect as treaties.