Morris Jastrow And Albert Tobias Clay 
An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic 

The Gilgamesh Epic is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia that is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about ‘Bilgamesh’ (Sumerian for ‘Gilgamesh’), king of Uruk, dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur (circa 2100 BC). These independent stories were later used as source material for a combined epic. The first surviving version of this combined epic, known as the ‘Old Babylonian’ version, dates to the 18th century BC and is titled after its incipit, Shutur eli sharri (‘Surpassing All Other Kings’). Only a few tablets of it have survived.