Rudyard Kipling 
France at War 
On the Frontier of Civilisation

In 1915, in the second year of the Great War, Kipling made a tour as a journalist on the front of some of the French armed forces. His report of what he had seen of the military activity was published in six articles in the Daily Telegraph, in England, and in the New York Sun. He published some (censored) articles of war journalism in 1915, collected as The New Army in Training and France at War.Kipling’s works of fiction include The Jungle Book (1894), Kim (1901), and many short stories, including ‘The Man Who Would Be King’ (1888). His poems include ‘Mandalay’ (1890), ‘Gunga Din’ (1890), ‘The Gods of the Copybook Headings’ (1919), ‘The White Man’s Burden’ (1899), and ‘If—’ (1910). He is regarded as a major innovator in the art of the short story; his children’s books are classics of children’s literature; and one critic described his work as exhibiting ‘a versatile and luminous narrative gift’.Kipling was one of the most popular writers in England, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Henry James said: ‘Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius (as distinct from fine intelligence) that I have ever known.’ In 1907, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English-language writer to receive the prize, and its youngest recipient to date Among other honours, he was sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on several occasions for a knighthood, all of which he declined.