Bertrand Russell 
The Problems of Philosophy 

Bertrand Russell, a philosopher, published The Problems of Philosophy in 1912. In this book, he makes an effort to produce a short and accessible overview of the issues with philosophy. He describes philosophy as a series of ongoing (failed) attempts to address the same issues. Philosophy cannot provide value by providing answers to these issues through proof.According to Bertrand Russell, the existence of external things cannot be questioned based solely on sensory evidence. Russell explains his well-known distinction between information gained by acquaintance and knowledge gained via description made in 1910. Aristotle, Descartes, David Hume, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and other thinkers are among those whose views he introduces.A summary of significant philosophical contributions is given in The Problems of Philosophy. Russell evaluates earlier arguments critically and reacts to them using his own set of distinctions and tools. However, the context in which problems develop is universal, as is what interests us about reality and our perception of it.