Hiroto S. Watanabe 
Horizons in Cancer Research. Volume 86 

This volume contains nine chapters that detail horizons in cancer research. Chapter One summarizes the role of epigenetic modifications in altering the phenotype of the tumor immune microenvironment. Chapter Two defines the current trends in cancer therapy and the challenges that come with them. Chapter Three discusses the toxicities of tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chapter Four proposes a multifaceted approach to the lymphedema assessment that extends beyond arm size and volume based outcomes, and considers the impact of the condition on the individual and their life participation. Chapter Five elucidates the clinical features and diagnostic criteria of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw and emphasizes the essential measures required to overcome the difficulties associated with its diagnosis, utilizing the latest available differential diagnosis information. Chapter Six reviews the potent anticancer activity of the xanthohumol (XN) molecule and its analogs. Chapter Seven reviews recent preclinical and clinical studies to examine the current position of nanoparticle drug delivery systems in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Chapter Eight summarizes the pivotal role of the Sph K/S1P axis in modulating estrogen related signaling cascade during the breast cancer progression and develops the promising therapeutic strategies for BCs by targeting the Sph K/S1P axis. Lastly, Chapter Nine summarizes the current studies of S1P/S1PR signaling in bone metastasis and aims to establish a theoretical basis for the application of S1P/S1PR in the treatment of bone metastasis.