Various Authors 
KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation 
A Manual

This is one of the first declassified manuals released by the CIA, entitled the ‘KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation ». KUBARK was a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency cryptonym for the CIA itself. The cryptonym KUBARK appears in the title of a 1963 CIA document KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation which describes interrogation techniques, including, among other things, ‘coercive counterintelligence interrogation of resistant sources’. This is the oldest manual, and describes the use of abusive techniques, as exemplified by two references to the use of electric shock, in addition to use of threats and fear, sensory deprivation, and isolation.