Alice F. Healy & Lyle E. Bourne 
Learning and Memory of Knowledge and Skills 
Durability and Specificity

By analyzing the results of experiments that use a wide variety of training tasks including those that were predominantly perceptual, cognitive, or motoric, this volume answers such questions as: Why do some people forget certain skills faster than others? What kind of training helps people retain new skills longer? Inspired by the work of Harry Bahrick and the concept of ‘permastore, ‘ the contributors explore the Stroop effect, mental calculation, vocabulary retention, contextual interference effects, autobiographical memory, and target detection. They also summarize an investigation on specificity and transfer in choice reaction time tasks. In each chapter, the authors explore how the degree to which reinstatement of training procedures during retention and transfer tests accounts for both durability and specificity of training. Researchers and administrators in education and training will find important implications in this book for enhancing the retention of knowledge of skills. ‘You have to read this book. Anyone interested in training will want to read it. This book provides the theoretical bases of the acquisition of durable skills for the next decade. It advances and demonstrates a new principle of skill learning that will prove to be as important as the encoding specificity principle and its corollary, the principle of transfer appropriate processing. This new principle is that highly practiced skill learning will be durable when the retention test embodies the procedures employed during acquisition. This principle, and the other important findings reported in this text, will have a great impact on the evolution of memory theory and on the wide range of applications.’ –Douglas Hermann, University of Maryland

विषयसूची

Preface – Alice F Healy and Lyle E Bourne Jr

Durability and Specificity of Facts and Skill

Optimizing the Long-Term Retention of Skills – Alice F Healy et al

The Long-Term Retention of a Complex Skill – William R Marmie and Alice F Healy

Part-Whole Training of Tank Gunner Simulation Exercises

The Contribution of Procedural Reinstatement to Implicit and Explicit Memory Effects in a Motor Task – David W Fendrich et al

The Effects of Contextual Interference on the Acquisition and Retention of Logical Rules – Vivian I Schneider et al

A Generation Advantage for Multiplication Skill Training and Nonword Vocabulary Acquisition – Danielle S Mc Namara and Alice F Healy

A Long-Term Retention Advantage for Spatial Information Learned Naturally and in the Laboratory – William T Wittman and Alice F Healy

Long-Term Performance in Autobiographical Event Dating – John J Skowronski et al

Patterns of Accuracy and Error Across a Two-and-a-Half Year Time Span

Training and Retention of the Classic Stroop Task – Deborah M Clawson et al

Specificity of Practice Effects

An Identical Elements Model of Basic Arithmetic Skills – Timothy C Rickard and Lyle E Bourne Jr

Acquisition and Retention of Skilled Letter Detection – Janet D Proctor and Alice F Healy

Acquisition and Transfer of Response-Selection Skill – Robert W Proctor and Addie Dutta

The Specificity and Durability of Rajan′s Memory – Rodney J Vogl and Charles P Thompson