Claire Mackay 
Hepatic Immunology and Gastrointestinal 

Diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract, which include the organs from mouth into anus, along thealimentary canal, are the focus of this speciality. Physicians practicing in this field are calledgastroenterologists. They have usually completed about eight years of pre-medical and medicaleducation, a year-long internship (if this is not a part of the residency), three years of an internalmedicine residency, and two to three years in the gastroenterology fellowship. This book covers basicaspects of innate and adaptive immunity in the gastrointestinal tract, molecular mechanisms of acuteand chronic inflammation. The readership of this book includes clinicians, scientists, and studentsinterested in the gastrointestinal tract.