Buddhima Indraratna & Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn 
Advanced Rail Geotechnology – Ballasted Track 

Ballast plays a vital role in transmitting and distributing train wheel loads to the underlying sub-ballast and subgrade. Bearing capacity of track, train speed, riding quality and passenger comfort all depend on the stability of ballast through mechanical interlocking of particles. Ballast attrition and breakage occur progressively under heavy cyc