Samuel Butler 
Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic Modification 

In Samuel Butler’s groundbreaking work ‘Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic Modification, ‘ the author explores the controversial topic of evolution through the lens of luck and cunning as primary agents of change. Published in 1887, this book challenges the prevailing theories of natural selection and adaptation proposed by Darwin and Wallace. Butler’s writing style is both insightful and provocative, posing significant questions about the role of chance in the development of species. Drawing on examples from the natural world, Butler presents a compelling argument for a new understanding of evolution that emphasizes the role of luck and intelligence in shaping organic beings. Samuel Butler, a Victorian-era author known for his satirical works and keen observations of society, was influenced by his deep interest in science and philosophy. ‘Luck, or Cunning’ reflects Butler’s fascination with evolution and his desire to challenge established scientific paradigms. His unique perspective and critical analysis make this book a must-read for anyone interested in the history of evolutionary theory. I highly recommend ‘Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic Modification’ to readers seeking a thought-provoking exploration of evolution and the role of chance in shaping the natural world. Butler’s bold ideas and compelling arguments will surely leave a lasting impact on anyone who delves into this fascinating work.