Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 
The Twilight Of The Idols And The Antichrist 

Twilight of the Idols, or How to Philosophize with a Hammer is a book authored by Friedrich Nietzsche and published in 1889. Nietzsche condemns German culture of the time as naive and nihilistic, and he directs his ire at prominent French, British, and Italian cultural leaders who reflect comparable tendencies. In contrast to all of these purported cultural ‘decadence’ figures, Nietzsche praises Caesar, Napoleon, Goethe, Thucydides, and the Sophists as healthier and stronger figures. The book declares Nietzsche’s last and most significant objective to be the transvaluation of all values, and it presents an antiquity in which the Romans take priority over the ancient Greeks for the first time.