Victoria M Petrova 
Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 25 

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 25 examines the background of magnetic sensors within the field of traffic engineering. Starting off with an introduction to the principles of traffic detection and estimation, the authors study the design and development of a low cost, energy efficient multi-function wireless traffic earth magnetic sensors (EMS). Recommended sensor layout strategies are presented in an effort to reduce the investment cost and provide a decision-making basis for traffic management.Next, the authors present the main advantages of the vortex and highly turbulent flows and their implementation area in the chemical engineering. The technological scheme includes devices with active hydrodynamic regimes used in the granulation processes. The theoretical bases for the technological line of the devices with active hydrodynamic regimes is also presented.Piezoelectric materials were discovered many years ago, however, new compounds and fabrication techniques are continually explored in order to get the optimal and new properties. The authors discuss a new piezoelectric ceramic with Platinum implant that has been fabricated in recent years. The application possibilities of this ceramic are increased since there is a third electrode available which can be used to control its behavior.The analysis of the behaviour of Passive Magnetic Bearing (PMB) in order to achieve an acceptable magnetic force and stiffness is proposed as an interesting topic for rotating systems. In this compilation, numerical analysis, which is an effective method to investigate the structural parameters of PMB, is applied using Finite Element Method to the two-dimensional model of PMB.The closing paper presents a universal solution for the magnetic force interaction calculation between arbitrarily magnetized permanent ring magnets. The configuration contains two permanent ring magnets that correspond to the axial or radial passive magnetic bearing configuration, and the type of the bearing depends on the permanent magnet’s magnetization vector direction and the permanent magnet’s position.