Yang Xu & Wen Jung Li 
Intelligent Wearable Interfaces 

A thorough introduction to the development and applications of
intelligent wearable interfaces

As mobile computing, sensing technology, and artificial
intelligence become more advanced and their applications more
widespread, the area of intelligent wearable interfaces is growing
in importance. This emerging form of human-machine interaction has
infinite possibilities for enhancing humans’ capabilities in
communications, actions, monitoring, and control.

Intelligent Wearable Interfaces is a collection of the efforts
the authors have made in this area at The Chinese University of
Hong Kong. They introduce methodologies to develop a variety of
intelligent wearable interfaces and cover practical implementations
of systems for real-life applications. A number of novel
intelligent wearable interface systems are examined, including:

* Network architecture for wearable robots

* Wearable interface for automatic language translation

* Intelligent cap interface for wheelchair control

* Intelligent shoes for human-computer interface

* Fingertip human-computer interface

* Ubiquitous 3D digital writing instrument

* Intelligent mobile human airbag system

This book is a valuable reference for researchers, designers,
engineers, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in
the fields of human-machine interactions, rehabilitation
engineering, robotics, and artificial intelligence.

Cuprins

List of Figures.

List of Tables.

Preface.

1. Introduction.

2. Network Architecture for Wearable Robots.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Wearable Robots and Interactions.

2.3 Wearable Robot Design.

2.4 Distributed Service-based Architecture.

2.4.1 Extension to the Jini Model.

2.4.2 The Matching Service.

2.5 Application Scenario.

2.6 Related Works.

2.7 Conclusion.

3. Wearable Interface for Automatic Language Translation.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 System Architecture.

3.3 Text Detection Algorithm.

3.3.1 Demands of Text Detection Algorithm.

3.3.2 Intrinsic Characteristic of a Character.

3.3.3 CIC-based Text Detection Algorithm.

3.3.4 Combine Line Segments into a Character.

3.4 Image Cutting, Rotation & Binarization.

3.4.1 Image Cutting and Rotation.

3.4.2 Image Binarization.

3.5 Real-Time Translation.

3.6 Conclusion.

4. Intelligent Cap Interface for Wheelchair Control.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Electromyography and Electrooculopraghy.

4.3 Approach.

4.4 Interface.

4.4.1 Hardware.

4.4.2 Implementation.

4.5 Experimental Study.

4.5.1 Doorways (A-B).

4.5.2 U-turning (B-C-B).

4.5.3 General Path (C-D).

4.6 Conclusion.

5. Intelligent Shoes for Human-Computer Interface.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Hardware Design.

5.2.1 Sensing the Parameters inside the Shoe.

5.2.2 Gathering Information from the Sensors.

5.2.3 Wireless Communication.

5.2.4 Data Visualization.

5.3 Three Applications of the Intelligent Shoes.

5.3.1 Intelligent Shoes for Human-Computer Interface:Shoe-Mouse.

5.3.2 Intelligent Shoes for Pressure Measurement.

5.3.3 Intelligent Shoes for Human Identification.

5.4 Conclusion.

6. Finger-Tip Human-Computer Interface.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Hardware Design.

6.2.1 MEMS Accelerator for Motion Detection.

6.2.2 Signal Processing and Analysis.

6.2.3 RF Wireless System.

6.2.4 System Evaluation.

6.3 Specific Applications.

6.3.1 Human-Robotic-Hand Interaction Using MIDS.

6.3.2 Computer Mouse on a Finger Tip (MIDS-VM).

6.3.3 Computer Game Interaction Using MIDS.

6.3.4 MIDS for PDA Interaction (Embedded-MIDS: E-MIDS).

6.4 Conclusion.

7. Ubiquitous 3D Digital Writing Instrument.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Hardware Design.

7.3 Signal Processing and Analysis.

7.3.1 Kalman Filtering for MEMS Sensors.

7.4 Time Update Model.

7.4.1 Attitude Strapdown Theory for a Quaternion.

7.4.2 Error Model for Time Update.

7.5 Measurement Update Model.

7.6 Testing.

7.6.1 Simulation Test.

7.6.2 Experiment Test.

7.7 Writing Application based on Attitude EKF Compensation.

7.8 Experimental Results of Integrated System.

7.9 Conclusion.

8. Intelligent Mobile Human Airbag System.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Hardware Design.

8.2.1 µIMU System Design.

8.2.2 Mechanical Release Mechanism.

8.2.3 Minimization of Airbag Inflation Time.

8.2.4 The Punch Test for the Second Mechanism.

8.2.5 System Integration.

8.3 Support Vector Machine for Human Motion Determination.

8.3.1 Principal Component Analysis for Feature Generation.

8.3.2 Support Vector Machine Classifier.

8.4 Experimental Results.

8.4.1 Motion Detection Experiments and Database Forming.

8.4.2 SVM Training and Falling-Down Recognition.

8.5 Conclusion.

Topic Index.

Despre autor

Yangsheng Xu, Ph D, is Chair Professor of Mechanical and
Automation Engineering in The Chinese University of Hong Kong
(CUHK). Before joining CUHK, he was a faculty member at the
Robotics Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
University. His research interests include robotics, intelligent
systems, human-machine interface, and hybrid electric vehicles.

Wen Jung Li, Ph D, is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical
and Automation Engineering and the Director of the Centre for Micro
and Nano Systems at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK).
Before joining CUHK, he held R&D positions at the NASA Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena), the Aerospace Corporation (El
Segundo), and Silicon Microstructures, Inc. (Fremont). His research
interests include micro-electro-mechanical systems and nano-scale
sensing and manipulation.

Ka Keung Lee, Ph D, is a Lecturer in the Department of Mechanical
Engineering at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Poly U). Before
joining Poly U, he was a postdoctoral fellow at The Chinese
University of Hong Kong. His research interests include robotics,
intelligent systems, human modeling, andintelligent
surveillance.