Leon V. Berhardt 
Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 142 

The authors of the opening chapter of Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 142 provide recommendations and tips to assist medical oncologists, hematologists and clinicians in investigating and managing early catheter malfunction. The aim of the following chapter is to ease prompt recognition and management of central venous catheter-related infectious outbreaks, as they may severely jeopardize the outcome of infected patients. Next, the placement and maintenance of central venous access devices in the neonatal patient population, with particular regard to umbilical catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters is examined. The authors go on to investigate whether low trabecular bone score during adolescence is predictive of increased fracture risk during adulthood, as well as whether recovery may result in correction of compromised microarchitecture. A summary of the involvement of mi RNAs in different beta-thalassemia variants, their association in expression of various globin types, (especially gamma-globin) and their implications as prognostic and therapeutic markers in beta-thalassemia are presented. Additionally, an account is provided on various commonly used monoclonal antibodies targeting the transferrin receptor. The authors also discuss the mechanisms through which monoclonal antibodies targeting the transferrin receptor have been employed to deliver drugs, enzymes, toxins and cytokines to treat various neurological cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, lysosomal storage diseases and cerebral ischemia. This compilation assesses the use of clarithromycin in the long-term treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps after endoscopic sinus surgery, showing that a low-dose clarithromycin use for a period of one month can improve patient complaints. The role of aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of endometriosis is subsequently described Numerous surgical procedures have been reported in patients with situs inversus. The penultimate chapter provides insight regarding laparoscopic surgeries for various indications in patients with situs inversus, along methods to address them. The final chapter improves upon the current knowledge of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which is a gram-negative rod and typical soil inhabitant bacteria.