Vegetius 
De re militari 
The Art of War in Ancient Rome

Vegetius’ ‘De re militari’ is a classic work of military strategy that offers valuable insights into the Roman army’s tactics and organization. Written in a clear and concise style, the book covers various aspects of warfare, such as recruitment, training, discipline, and battle formations. Through the examination of historical examples and practical advice, the author provides readers with a comprehensive guide to the principles of successful military operations. The work exemplifies the literary context of ancient Roman military treatises, showcasing Vegetius’ expertise in the subject matter and his dedication to improving the effectiveness of the Roman military machine. With its detailed explanations and strategic recommendations, ‘De re militari’ remains a timeless resource for students of military history and military practitioners alike.

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Flavius Vegetius Renatus, commonly known as Vegetius, was a Roman writer and military theorist of the late 4th and early 5th centuries. His full biographical details remain obscure, with the absence of substantial contemporaneous records; however, he is best remembered for his treatise ‘De re militari’ (‘Concerning Military Matters’), an influential work on Roman military principles and practices. Comprising a preface and four books, it touches on topics such as military recruitment, training, equipment, and tactics. Vegetius aimed to preserve ancient Roman military methods, at a time when the Western Roman Empire was facing internal decay and frequent barbarian invasions. His advocacy for a return to the traditional Roman legionary system and his adage ‘Si vis pacem, para bellum’ (‘If you want peace, prepare for war’) have left a lasting impression on military thinking. Vegetius’ ‘De re militari’ became a standard military manual throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, studied by commanders and scholars alike. His work influenced the revival of classical military ideas and was used as a reference as late as the 18th century. Vegetius’ literary style is didactic, aiming to instruct rather than entertain, and characterized by a nostalgic respect for Rome’s imperial past. Even with scant details about his own military experience, Vegetius’ contributions have made him a seminal figure in the annals of military literature.