Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury & Shahid Burki 
Pakistan at Seventy 
A handbook on developments in economics, politics and society

This handbook examines Pakistan’s 70-year history from a number of different perspectives.
When Pakistan was born, it did not have a capital, a functioning government or a central
bank. The country lacked a skilled workforce. While the state was in the process of being
established, eight million Muslim refugees arrived from India, who had to be absorbed into a
population of 24 million people. However, within 15 years, Pakistan was the fastest growing
and transforming economy in the developing world, although the political evolution of the
country during this period was not equally successful. Pakistan has vast agricultural and
human resources, and its location promises trade, investment and other opportunities. Chapters in the volume, written by experts in the field, examine government and politics, economics,
foreign policy and environmental issues, as well as social aspects of Pakistan’s development,
including the media, technology, gender and education.

Shahid Javed Burki is an economist who has been a member of the faculty at Harvard University, USA, and Chief Economist, Planning and Development Department, Government of
the Punjab. He has also served as Minister of Finance in the Government of Pakistan, and has
written a number of books, and journal and newspaper articles. He joined the World Bank in
1974 as a senior economist and went on to serve in several senior positions. He was the (first)
Director of the China Department (1987–94) and served as the Regional Vice-President for
Latin America and the Caribbean during 1994–99. He is currently the Chair of the Board of
Directors of the Shahid Javed Burki Institute of Public Policy at Net Sol (BIPP) in Lahore.

Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury is a career Bangladeshi diplomat and former Minister of Foreign
Affairs in the Government of Bangladesh (2007–08). He has a Ph D in international relations
from the Australian National University, Canberra. He began his career as a member of the
civil service of Pakistan in 1969. Dr Chowdhury has held senior diplomatic positions in the
course of his career, including as Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United
Nations in New York (2001–07) and in Geneva (1996–2001), and was ambassador to Qatar,
Chile, Peru and the Vatican. He is currently a visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of
South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore.

Asad Ejaz Butt is the Director of the Burki Institute of Public Policy, Lahore, Pakistan.