J. Paulo Davim 
Wood Machining 

Wood as an engineering material can be technically defined
‘as a hygroscopic, orthotropic, biological, and permeable
material having extreme chemical diversity and physical complexity
with structures, that vary extensively in their shape, size,
properties and function’. Therefore, using wood to its best
advantage and most efficiency in engineering applications, specific
characteristics or chemical, physical and mechanical properties
must be considered.

The products are divided into two classes, solid wood and composite
wood products. Solid wood includes shipbuilding, bridges, flooring,
mine timbers, etc. Composite wood products include insulation
board, plywood, oriented strand board, hardboard and particle
board.

In recent years, the machining of wood products has acquired great
importance due the short supply of wood and increasing
environmental awareness among users and manufacturers. The
optimization of the machining process centers around the mechanism
of chip formation, tool wear, workpiece surface quality, crack
initiation and propagation of different types of wood. Other
factors are also humidity, temperature, static preloads, and
vibrations that can affect the wood during the machining
process.

The book provides some fundamentals and recent research advances on
machining wood and wood products.

Зміст

Preface xi

Chapter 1. Machining of Wood and Wood Composites 1

Grzegorz KOWALUK

1.1. Introduction 1

1.2. Wood and wood-based composites 2

1.3. Approach to cutting 7

1.4. Main techniques of machining 11

1.5. Problems of machining wood and wood composites – a
review 19

1.6. Into the future – further scenarios of wood and wood
composites machining 21

1.7. Acknowledgement 23

1.8. Bibliography 24

Chapter 2. Wood and Wood-based Panel Machining Quality
27

Cristina COELHO, Nuno GARRIDO, Jorge MARTINS, Luisa CARVALHO and
Carlos COSTA

2.1. Solid wood machining 27

2.2. Wood-based panels machining 39

2.3. Surface quality 50

2.4. Case study: solid wood machining and surface quality
evaluation 65

2.5. Case study: particleboard machining and edge quality
evaluation 73

2.6. Bibliography 75

Chapter 3. Reducing Tool Wear by Cryogenic Treatment and
Cooling with Refrigerated Air when Processing Medium Density
Fiberboard 83

Rado GAZO, Judith GISIP and Harold A. STEWART

3.1. Introduction 83

3.2. Effects of refrigerated air 85

3.3. Effects of cryogenic treatment and refrigerated air 98

3.4. Acknowledgements 111

3.5. Bibliography 111

Chapter 4. Wearing Mechanisms Contributing to Reduced Tool
Life after Wood and Secondary

Wood Products Machining 115

Boles³aw PORANKIEWICZ

4.1. Introduction 116

4.2. Cutting edge-material cut interface 116

4.3. TGA indirect evidence of HTTR 119

4.4. Theoretical QC analysis of HTTR 134

4.5. Investigations of direct evidence of HTTR 140

4.6. Cutting edge SEM image examinations 143

4.7. Synergistic effect of high temperature reactions and
mechanical wear 146

4.8. Final remarks 150

4.9. Conclusions 154

4.10. Acknowledgements 155

4.11. Bibliography 155

Chapter 5. Monitoring Surface Quality on Molding and Sawing
Processes for Solid Wood and Wood Panels 159

Alfredo AGUILERA

5.1. Introduction 159

5.2. General concepts 160

5.3. Monitoring the cutting process 176

5.4. Surface roughness and quality for solid wood and panels
190

5.5. Concluding remarks 210

5.6. Acknowledgements 211

5.7. Bibliography 211

Chapter 6. Evaluating the Roughness of Sanded Wood Surfaces
217

Lidia GURAU, Hugh MANSFIELD-WILLIAMS and Mark IRLE

6.1. Introduction 217

6.2. Profile filtering applied to wood surfaces 228

6.3. A proposed method for separating processing roughness from
anatomical roughness 246

6.4. A case study: the processing roughness of oak surfaces
sanded with various grit sizes 250

6.5. Concluding remarks 259

6.6. Perspectives 260

6.7. Acknowledgements 261

6.8. Bibliography 261

List of Authors 269

Index 273

Про автора

J. Paulo Davim is an aggregate professor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Aveiro in Portugal.