Lee Fratantuono 
Caligula 
An Unexpected General

A new appraisal of the brief, turbulent reign of Gaius Caligula and his achievements as a military strategist.   Gaius Caligula reigned for four short years, from 37 to 41 CE, before his infamous tenure came to a violent end. While much has been written about his notorious excesses and court life, relatively little of his military and foreign policy has been seriously studied. This military history of Rome during Caligula’s reign sheds light on that subject.   After he grew up in a military camp, Caligula’s years as emperor came in the wake of the great consolidation of Tiberius’ gains in Germany and Pannonia, and in large part made possible the invasions of Gaul and Britain that were undertaken by his uncle and successor, Claudius. His expeditions in Gaul were part of a program of imitation of his storied predecessor, and crowning completion of what had been left undone in the relatively conservative military policy years of Augustus and Tiberius. Caligula: An Unexpected General offers a new appraisal of Caligula as a surprisingly competent military strategist, arguing that his achievements helped to secure Roman military power in Europe for a generation.