A.J. Kox & Jean Eisenstaedt 
The Universe of General Relativity 

A century ago, in 1905, Albert Einstein published, “On the Electrodynamics of M- ing Bodies, ” in which the foundations were laid for the Special Theory of Relativity. Ten years later his relativistic theory of gravitation and the General Theory of Relat- ity appeared. Fifty years ago, Einstein passed away in Princeton. In the 1980s, John Stachel, then Editor of the Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, brought together a group of historians, philosophers, physicists, and mathematicians who had one thing in common: a lively interest in the history and foundations of the theories of relativity. At a meeting in 1986 at Osgood Hill, this group met for the ?rst time to discuss the prehistory, development, reception, and other aspects of relativity. It was the beginning of a valuable tradition. Since then every three or four years a meeting has been organized during which historical and foundational issues in general (and special) relativity have been discussed. Osgood Hill was followed by Luminy in 1988. Then came Johnstown (1991), Berlin (1995), Notre Dame (1999), and ?nally Amsterdam (2002), the proceedings of which are presented in this volume (supplemented with some papers from the preceding meeting). Once again these articles clearly show that an historical approach can lead to new insights into the development and elaboration of relativity. The prehistory of special relativity and an early attempt at a relativistic theory of gravitation are covered in – pers by John Stachel and Shaul Katzir, respectively.

Table of Content

Fresnel’s (Dragging) Coefficient as a Challenge to 19th Century Optics of Moving Bodies.- Poincaré’s Relativistic Theory of Gravitation.- Standing on the Shoulders of a Dwarf: General Relativity—A Triumph of Einstein and Grossmann’s Erroneous Entwurf Theory.- Before the Riemann Tensor: The Emergence of Einstein’s Double Strategy.- A Conjecture on Einstein, the Independent Reality of Spacetime Coordinate Systems and the Disaster of 1913.- Einstein and the Principle of General Relativity, 1916–1921.- Einstein and the Problem of Motion: A Small Clue.- A Note on General Relativity, Energy Conservation, and Noether’s Theorems.- Weyl vs. Reichenbach on Lichtgeometrie.- Dingle and de Sitter Against the Metaphysicians, or Two Ways to Keep Modern Cosmology Physical.- George Gamow and the ‘Factual Approach’ to Relativistic Cosmology.- George Mc Vittie, The Uncompromising Empiricist.- False Vacuum: Early Universe Cosmology and the Development of Inflation.- Hilbert’s “World Equations” and His Vision of a Unified Science.- Einstein, Kaluza, and the Fifth Dimension.- Unified Field Theory: Early History and Interplay Between Mathematics and Physics.- Is Quantum Gravity Necessary?.- Einstein in the Daily Press: A Glimpse into the Gehrcke Papers.- Syracuse: 1949–1952.- A Biased and Personal Description of GR at Syracuse University, 1951–1961.