Asit K. Biswas & Cecilia Tortajada 
Water Quality Management in the Americas 

Considerable attention has been given during the past few years to the water crisis that many regions of the world may face in the coming decades. While the mag- tude and the extent of the global water scarcity problems of the future should not be underestimated, a serious analysis of the current trends indicate that the main water crisis in the coming years is most likely to stem primarily from water quality deterioration and lack of investment funds, rather than from physical water scar- ties per se, as is widely expected at present. In spite of the seriousness of continuing water quality deterioration in most countries of the world, water quality management continues to be a somewhat – glected issue in the international water community. Even the magnitudes and – tents of the water quality problems are not reliably known in many developed countries and in nearly all developing ones. Accordingly, in order to assess the current situation in water quality management in the Americas, and to discuss the alternatives available to improve the existing and future water quality conditions in a cost-effective and timely manner, the Third World Centre for Water M- agement in Mexico, the National Water Agency in Brazil (Agência Nacional de Águas), and the Inter-American Development Bank organised a workshop on “Water Quality Management for the Americas, ” in Fortaleza, Brazil, 12-13 April 2004.

Table of Content

Water Quality Issues in Latin America.- Economic Instruments and Nonpoint Source Water Pollution.- Role of Water Rights and Market Approaches to Water Quality Management.- Effectiveness of Market Approaches to Water Quality Management.- Integrated Water Quality Management in Brazil.- Institutional Aspects of Water Quality Management in Brazil.- Water Quality Management in Ceará, Brazil.- Water Quality Management in Mexico.- Water Quality Management: Missing Concept for Developing Countries.- Public Policies for Urban Wastewater Treatment in Guanajuato, Mexico.- Water Quality Management: North American Development Bank Experience.- Water Quality Management in Central America: Case Study of Costa Rica.- Legal and Institutional Frameworks for Water Quality Management in Argentina.- Water Quality Management in Chile: Use of Economic Instruments.- Water Pollution Charges: Colombian Experience.