Duncan W. Bruce & Dermot O’Hare 
Low-Dimensional Solids 

With physical properties that often may not be described by the
transposition of physical laws from 3D space across to 2D or even
1D space, low-dimensional solids exhibit a high degree of
anisotropy in the spatial distribution of their chemical bonds.
This means that they can demonstrate new phenomena such as
charge-density waves and can display nanoparticulate (0D), fibrous
(1D) and lamellar (2D) morphologies.

This text presents some of the most recent research
into the synthesis and properties of these solids and covers:

* Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

* Inorganic Nanotubes and Nanowires

* Biomedical Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides

* Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures

* Superconducting Borides

Introducing topics such as novel layered superconductors,
inorganic-DNA delivery systems and the chemistry and physics of
inorganic nanotubes and nanosheets, this book discusses some of the
most exciting concepts in this developing field.

Additional volumes in the Inorganic Materials Book
Series:

Molecular Materials

Functional Oxides

Porous Materials

Energy Materials

All volumes are sold individually or as comprehensive 5
Volume Set.

Table of Content

Inorganic Materials Series Preface.

Preface.

List of Contributors.

1 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (Alan V. Chadwick and Shelly L.P. Savin).

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Oxide Types; Point Defects and Electrical Conductivity.

1.3 Preparation of Nanoionic Materials.

1.4 Characterisation.

1.4.1 Determination of Particle Size and Dispersion.

1.4.2 Characterisation of Microstructure.

1.4.3 Transport Measurements.

1.5 Review of the Current Experimental Data and their Agreement with Theory.

1.5.1 Microstructure.

1.5.2 Transport.

1.5.3 Mechanical Properties.

1.5.4 Magnetic Properties.

1.6 Applications.

1.6.1 Gas Sensors.

1.6.2 Batteries.

1.6.3 Fuel Cells.

1.6.4 Catalysis and Adsorption.

1.6.5 Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanocrystalline Oxides.

1.7 Overview and Prospects.

References.

2 Inorganic Nanotubes and Nanowires (C.N.R. Rao, S.R.C. Vivekchand and A. Govindaraj).

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Inorganic Nanotubes.

2.2.1 Synthesis.

2.2.2 Functionalisation and Solubilisation.

2.2.3 Properties and Applications.

2.3 Nanowires.

2.3.1 Synthesis.

2.3.2 Self-Assembly and Functionalisation.

2.3.3 Properties and Applications.

2.4 Outlook.

References.

3 Biomedical Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides (Jin-Ho Choy, Jae-Min Oh and Dae-Hwan Park).

3.1 Introduction.

3.1.1 Layered Nanohybrids.

3.1.2 Layered Nanomaterials.

3.2 Nanomaterials for Biological Applications.

3.2.1 Layered Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications.

3.2.2 Cellular Uptake Pathway of Drug-Inorganic Nanohybrids.

3.2.3 Targeting Effect of Drug-Inorganic Nanohybrids.

3.3 Nanomaterials for DNA Molecular Code System.

3.3.1 Genetic Molecular Code in DNA.

3.3.2 Chemically and Biologically Stabilised DNA in Layered Nanoparticles.

3.3.3 Invisible DNA Molecular Code System for Ubiquitous Application.

3.4 Conclusion.

References.

4 Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures (M. Angeles Herranz, Juan Luis Delgado and Nazario Martín).

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Endohedral Fullerenes.

4.2.1 Endohedral Metallofullerenes.

4.2.2 Surgery of Fullerenes.

4.3 Carbon Nanotubes.

4.3.1 Covalent Functionalisation.

4.3.2 Noncovalent Functionalisation.

4.3.3 Endohedral Functionalisation.

4.4 Other Carbon Nanotube Forms.

4.4.1 Cup-Stacked Carbon Nanotubes.

4.4.2 Carbon Nanohorns.

4.4.3 Carbon Nanobuds.

4.4.4 Carbon Nanotori.

4.5 Carbon Nano-Onions.

4.6 Graphenes.

4.7 Summary and Outlook.

Acknowledgements.

References.

5 Magnesium Diboride Mg B2: A Simple Compound with Important Physical Properties (Michael Pissas).

5.1 Introduction.

5.1.1 Electronic Structure of Mg B2.

5.1.2 Substitutions in Mg B2 Superconductor.

5.2 Preparation of Pure and Alloyed Mg B2.

5.2.1 Preparation of Pure and Alloyed Polycrystalline Mg B2.

5.2.2 Single Crystal Growth of Pristine and Alloyed Mg B2.

5.3 Physical Properties of Mg B2.

5.3.1 Boron Isotope Effect.

5.3.2 Evidence for Two Energy Gaps in Mg B2.

5.3.3 Dependence of the Superconducting Transition Temperature on Hydrostatic Pressure.

5.3.4 Resistivity Measurements in Mg B2.

5.4 Flux Line Properties in Single Crystals of Mg B2, Mg1-x Alx B2 and Mg B2-x Cx.

5.4.1 Type II Superconductors.

5.4.2 Flux Line Properties of Pristine Mg B2.

5.4.3 Aluminium Substituted Single Crystals.

5.4.4 Carbon Substituted Single Crystals.

5.4.5 Two-Band Superconductivity and Possible Implications on the Vortex Matter Phase Diagram.

5.5 Conclusions.

References.

Index.

About the author

Professor Duncan Bruce graduated from the University of
Liverpool (UK), where he also gained his Ph D. In 1984, he took up a
Temporary Lectureship in Inorganic Chemistry at the University of
Sheffield and was awarded a Royal Society Warren Research
Fellowship. He was then appointed Lecturer in Chemistry and later
Senior Lecturer and co-director of the Sheffield Centre for
Molecular Materials. In 1995, he was appointed Professor of
Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Exeter. Following the
closure of Exeter’s chemistry department in 2005, Professor Bruce
took up his present position as Professor of Materials Chemistry in
York. He is currently Chair of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Materials Chemistry Forum. His current research interests include
liquid crystals and silicates. His work has been recognized by
various awards including the British Liquid Crystal Society’s first
Young Scientist prize and the RSC’s Sir Edward Frankland Fellowship
and Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize. He has held visiting positions
in Australia, France, Japan and Italy.

Dr. Richard Walton, who was also formerly based in the
Department of Chemistry at the University of Exeter, now works in
the Department of Chemistry at the University of Warwick. His
research group works in the area of solid-state materials chemistry
and has a number of projects focusing upon the synthesis,
structural characterization and properties of inorganic
materials.

Dermot O’Hare is Professor in the Chemistry Research
Laboratory at the University of Oxford.

His research group has a wide range of research interests. They all
involve synthetic chemistry ranging from organometallic chemistry
to the synthesis of new microporous solids.

Duncan Bruce and Dermot O’Hare have edited several editions of
Inorganic Materials published by John Wiley & Sons
Ltd.