James Bothwell & P J P Goldberg 
The Problem of Labour in Fourteenth-Century England 

Attitudes towards `labour’, in the wake of the Black Death, shown to range from early protest literature to repressive authoritarianism.


At the very moment that the image of the honest labourer seemed to reach its apogee in the Luttrell Psalter or, a few decades later, in
Piers Plowman, the dominant culture of the landed interests was increasingly suspiciousof what it described as the idleness, greed and arrogance of the lower orders. Labour was one of the central issues during the fourteenth century: the natural disasters and profound social changes of the period created not merelya ‘problem’ of labour, but also new ways of discussing and (supposedly) solving that problem. These studies engage with the contrasting and often competing discourses which emerged, ranging from the critical social awareness of some of the early fourteenth-century protest literature to the repressive authoritarianism of the new national employment laws that were enforced in the wake of the Black Death, and were expressed in counter-cultures of resistanceand dissent.


JAMES BOTHWELL and P.J.P. GOLDBERG lecture in history, and W.M. ORMROD is Professor of History, at the University of York.


Contributors: CORDELIA BEATTIE, CHRISTOPHER DYER, RICHARD K. EMMERSON, P.J.P. GOLDBERG, KATE GILES, CHRIS GIVEN-WILSON, STEPHEN KNIGHT, DEREK PEARSALL, SARAH REES JONES.

Table of Content

The Problem of Women’s Work Identities in Post Black Death England – Cordelia Beattie

Work Ethics in the Fourteenth Century – Christopher Dyer

‘The Lord Geoffrey had me made’: Lordship and Labour in the Luttrell Psalter (with P.J.P. Goldberg) – Richard K Emmerson

‘The Lord Geoffrey had me made’: Lordship and Labour in the Luttrell Psalter (with Richard K. Emmerson) – P J P Goldberg

Framing Labour: The Archaeology of York’s Medieval Guildhalls – Kate Giles

The Problem of Labour in the Context of English Government, c.1350-1450 – Christopher Given-Wilson

The Voice of Labour in Fourteenth-Century English Literature – Stephen Knight

Piers Plowman and the Problem of Labour – Derek Pearsall

Household, Work and the Problem of Mobile Labour: The Regulation of Labour in Medieval English Towns – Sarah Rees Jones

About the author

The late Derek Pearsall was Emeritus Gurney Professor of Middle English Literature at Harvard University; he wrote extensively on Chaucer, Gower, Langland and Lydgate, including biographies of Chaucer and Lydgate, an edition of the C-text of Langland’s Piers Plowman.