Author: James P. Ludwig

James P. Ludwig was born in Port Huron, Michigan in 1941 and is a dual Canadian- American citizen. He earned a Ph.D at the University of Michigan in 1968 and published 52 peer-reviewed articles on chemical contamination and the ecology of the Great Lakes between 1961 and 2013, focused on colonial waterbirds. He collaborated with many government and academic scientists from both nations for over 40 years and watched the inexorable deterioration the Great Lakes under neoliberal governments of both nations. He continues to monitor changes in Great Lakes’ bird populations and their ecology, relating these environmental changes to public policy during his retirement years.