W. Kaufman 
Produced by Zhonghua Book Company— Existentialism — from Dostoyevsky to Saudi Arabia 

Existentialism — from Dostoyevsky to Saudi Arabia was originally an English book published by the world publishing company of the United States in 1956 and is the original work of eight existential philosophers, Dostoevsky, Zikow, Nietzsche, Rilke, Kafka, Jasper, Heidegger and Saudi Arabia, compiled by Walter Kaufmann, an American existentialist research expert, which is of great value for systematically understanding the basic viewpoints of existentialism and the important thoughts of various schools. This book is translated by Chen Guying, Meng Xiangsen and Liu I. Existentialism is the most important school of Philosophy in the 20th century. It emphasizes individual, independent and subjective experience. It mainly includes three categories: theistic existentialism, atheist existentialism and humanitarian existentialism. Existentialism takes human beings as the center and respects human personality and freedom. It holds that human beings live in a meaningless universe, and their existence itself is meaningless. However, people can cultivate themselves on the basis of existence and live brilliantly. The most famous and clear proposal of this school is Sartre”s maxim that "existence precedes essence". It means that, except for human existence, there is no natural morality or external soul. Morality and soul are created in human existence; People have no obligation to abide by certain moral standards or religious beliefs, and they have the freedom of choice.