Eleanor H. Bennington 
Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 22 

This volume includes five chapters that present recent updates in cardiovascular research from around the world. Chapter One discusses how histamine is transported from the gut via the bloodstream to the heart and puts forward novel evidence that histamine can be produced in the heart itself. Chapter Two provides an analytical comparison of induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and cardiosphere-derived cells commonly used for clinical cardiac applications. Chapter Three compares outcomes of patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation with those who underwent sutureless aortic valve replacement. Chapter Four analyzes changes in electrocardiogram leads, reflecting manifestation and development of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia. Lastly, Chapter Five reviews existing and upcoming cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques to evaluate systemic and pulmonary impedance in healthy individuals and cardiovascular disease states.