Voltaire 
Candide 

Candide is a French satirical novella first published in 1759 by Voltaire. It begins with a young man, Candide, who is living a sheltered life and being indoctrinated in optimism by his mentor, Professor Pangloss. The work describes the abrupt finish of this lifestyle, followed by Candide’s slow, painful disillusionment as he witnesses and experiences great hardships in the world. It concludes with Candide advocating a deeply practical precept, we must cultivate our garden, in lieu of the professor’s earlier mantra, all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds. Candide is recognized as Voltaire’s magnum opus and is often listed as part of the Western canon; it is among the most frequently taught works of French literature.