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Baruch Spinoza 
Ethics 

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I. By that which is self-caused, I mean that of which the essence involves existence, or that of which the nature is only conceivable as existent.
II. A thing is called finite after its kind, when it can be limited by another thing of the same nature; for instance, a body is called finite because we always conceive another greater body. So, also, a thought is limited by another thought, but a body is not limited by thought, nor a thought by body.
III. By substance, I mean that which is in itself, and is conceived through itself: in other words, that of which a conception can be formed independently of any other conception.
IV. By attribute, I mean that which the intellect perceives as constituting the essence of substance.
V. By mode, I mean the modifications[1] of substance, or that which exists in, and is conceived through, something other than itself.
[1] ‘Affectiones’
VI. By God, I mean a being absolutely infinite-that is, a substance consisting in infinite attributes, of which each expresses eternal and infinite essentiality.
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语言 英语 ● 格式 EPUB ● 网页 337 ● ISBN 9783749428335 ● 文件大小 0.4 MB ● 出版者 Books on Demand ● 发布时间 2019 ● 版 1 ● 下载 24 个月 ● 货币 EUR ● ID 7420456 ● 复制保护 社会DRM

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