作者: M. Garnier

Adam Smith (1723-1790) was a pioneering figure in the field of economics, often recognized as the father of modern economics. Born in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, Smith was a moral philosopher, a key figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, and a profound influence on economic theory and the understanding of market economies. His magnum opus, “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations”, commonly referred to as “The Wealth of Nations”, fundamentally shaped the study of economics and the development of capitalist economic principles. Published in 1776, Smith”s work broke ground in depicting an economic system based on free markets, competition, and the division of labor. His analysis of the “invisible hand” of the market is particularly noted for explaining that individuals” efforts to pursue their own interest may frequently benefit society more effectively than if their actions were directly intending to promote the public interest. Smith”s literary style in “The Wealth of Nations” is methodical and based on empirical evidence, reflecting his broader approach to moral and economic philosophy. His work is thorough, perceptive, and marked by a deep concern for the welfare of mankind, including discussions on the role of government, productivity, and the distribution of wealth. Smith”s influence extends beyond economics; his earlier work, “The Theory of Moral Sentiments”, delves into the realm of ethics and human psychology, asserting that sympathy is a core aspect of moral judgment. Today, Smith”s economic theories continue to be of paramount importance, underpinning the structure of modern economic thought.