Stefan Berger 
A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Europe, 1789 – 1914 

This Companion provides an overview of European history
during the ‘long’ nineteenth century, from 1789 to 1914.

* Consists of 32 chapters written by leading international
scholars

* Balances coverage of political, diplomatic and international
history with discussion of economic, social and cultural
concerns

* Covers both Eastern and Western European states, including
Britain

* Pays considerable attention to smaller countries as well as to
the great powers

* Compares particular phenomena and developments across
Europe

Table of Content

List of Figures viii

Notes on Contributors x

Maps xiv

Introduction xvii
Stefan Berger

Part I The Idea of ‘Europeanness’ and the Construction of European Identity 1

1 Insiders and Outsiders: Borders in Nineteenth-Century Europe 3
Bo Stråth

2 Visual Representations of Europe in the Nineteenth Century: The Age of Nationalism and Imperialism 11
Michael Wintle

Part II Agriculture, Industry, and Social Change 29

3 Rural Society and Agricultural Revolution 31
Hamish Graham

4 Industrial Revolution, Commerce, and Trade 44
Robert Lee

5 Demography, Urbanization, and Migration 56
Robert Lee

6 Lords and Peasants 70
Carl Levy

7 Bourgeois Society 86
Pamela Pilbeam

8 The Disappearance of the Traditional Artisan 98
James R. Farr

9 The Social Condition of the Working Class 109
Jutta Schwarzkopf

Part III Political Developments 123

10 Revolutions and Revolutionaries: Histories, Concepts, and Myths 125
Sharif Gemie

11 The Rise of the Modern Leviathan: State Functions and State Features 137
Jörn Leonhard

12 The Democratic Experience 149
John Garrard

13 Labor Movements 164
Stefan Berger

14 National Movements 178
Stefan Berger

15 The ‘Woman Question’ 193
Kathleen Canning

Part IV Intellectual Developments and Religion 209

16 Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Conservatism, and Socialism 211
Edmund Neill

17 Social Darwinism and Race 224
Mike Hawkins

18 The Age of Catholic Revival 236
Oded Heilbronner

19 Protestantism 248
Anthony J. Steinhoff

20 Orthodoxy 262
Shane P. O’Rourke

21 The Jews: A European Minority 274
David Rechter

Part V Cultural Developments 289

22 European Culture in the Nineteenth Century 291
James A. Winders

23 Schooling: Culture and the State 304
Sharif Gemie

24 The Age of Historism 316
Matthew Jefferies

25 The Century of Science 333
Kathryn M. Olesko

26 Police and the Law 345
Chris A. Williams

27 The Cultural History of Crime 355
Daniel M. Vyleta

28 Medical Discourses 369
John C. Waller

29 Sexuality 382
Ivan Crozier

Part VI The International System, Colonialism, and War 399

30 Restrained Competition: International Relations 401
William Mulligan

31 War 417
Ute Frevert

32 Colonialism 432
Trutz von Trotha

Bibliography 449

Index 499

About the author

Stefan Berger is Professor of Modern German and Comparative European History at the University of Manchester. He is the author of numerous books, including Inventing the Nation: Germany (2004), Social Democracy and the Working Class in Nineteenth and Twentieth-century Germany (2000), and The Search for Normality: National Identity and Historical Consciousness in Germany Since 1800 (1997, second edition, 2003). He is co-editor of, among other works, Writing History: Theory and Practice (co-author, 2003), Historikerdialoge (2003), Writing National Histories: Western Europe Since 1800 (1999), and Policy Concertation and Social Partnership in Western Europe (2002).