G. R. Evans 
The Roots of the Reformation 
Tradition, Emergence and Rupture

Renowned historian G. R. Evans revisits the question of what happened at the Reformation. Contravening traditional paradigms of interpretation, Evans charts the controversies and challenges that roiled the era of the Reformation and argues that these are really part of a much longer history of discussion and disputation. Evans takes up several issues, such as Scripture, ecclesiology, authority, sacraments and ecclesio-political relations, and traces the shape of the charged discussions that orbited around these through the patristic, medieval and Reformation eras. In this, she demonstrates that in many ways the Reformation was in considerable continuity with the periods that preceded it, though the consequential outcome of the debates in the sixteenth century was dramatically different.

表中的内容

Preface

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

1. Setting the Scene: The ‘Fair Field of Folk’
Part 1: Bible and Church: The Questions Begin

2. The Idea of Church

A New Idea

The Emergence of Ministers as Leaders

Local Churches and the Universal Church

3. The Idea of Faith

What Do We Believe? Trying to Put the Faith in a Nutshell

One Faith and Different Rites

4. Where Was the Bible?

Adding to the Old Testament

Creating a Standard Text of the Bible for Use in the West

The Ministry of the Word in the Early Church

Finding Many Meanings in Scripture

5. Becoming and Remaining a Member of the Church

The Doctrine of Baptism Emerges

Insiders and Outsiders: Cyprian and the Rigorist Approach to the Problem of Apostasy

6. Penance and the Recurring Problem of Sin

7. The Eucharist and the Idea of Sacraments

Eucharist

Sacraments

8. Organization, Making Decisions and Keeping Together

Councils and Other Ways of Making Decisions

The Fifteenth-Century Bid for Conciliarism Instead of Primatial Government of the Church

9. The Church and the State

The Two Swords

The Body Politic, the City, the Corporation and the Church

Titles and Benefices and the Growing Problem of the Church's Wealth
Part 2: Continuity and Change in the Middle Ages

10. Monastic Life, Monastic Education and Awakening Social Concerns

Guibert of Nogent: Monk and Social Commentator

Monasteries as Powerhouses of Education

11. The Beginning of Academic Theology and the Invention of Universities

The Invention of Universities

Bible Study and the Beginning of Academic Theology

12. The Evangelical Urge and the Wandering Preachers

Preaching Becomes Popular Again

The Formal Rhetorical Art of Preaching

The Franciscans and the Dominicans

13. Religious Experiments by the Laity

Working People, Active Orders

Exemplary Individuals and Being an Example to Others

Glimpses of Ordinary Lives: Learning What to Believe and How to Live

The Church Fosters the Mixed Life

14. Rebels, Dissidents and Repression

Social Comment and the Debate About Poverty

John Wyclif

15. Popular Preaching and the Bible in the Later Middle Ages

Wycliffites, Lollards and the English Bible

Lollard Preaching and the Bible
Part 3: Continuity and Change from the Reformation

16. Renaissance

The Rediscovery of the Greek and Hebrew Scriptures

The Biblical Languages and the Universities

Humanism or Scholasticism: The Two Ways

17. Luther and His Heirs: The Moderate Reformers

The Conversion of Martin Luther and Its Consequences

Melanchthon, Moderation and Building a Bridge Between the Academic and the Popular

Creating a Lutheran Doctrinal System

18. Henry VIII and English Lutheranism

19. Peaceful Extremists? The Anabaptist Heirs of the Waldensians

Huldreich Zwingli and the Battle with the Anabaptists

Lutheran ‘Good Citizens’ and Anabaptist ‘Anarchy’

20. Calvin and His Heirs: The Puritan Reformers

John Calvin

France, Huguenots and Some Notable Women

John Knox and Scotland

The English Reformation Turns Calvinist

Puritans Leave for the New World

21. The Counter-Reformation

Responding to the Challenge: Reforming Moves in Rome

Science and the Bible from a Roman Catholic Perspective

22. Church and State Again: New Political Dimensions of the Idea of Order

23. Bible Questions Continue

Taking a Stand on the King James Version?

The Bible in Use: Private Reading and Personal Opinions

Bible Commentary in Preaching and Teaching

Polyglot Bibles

Translation Theory Moves On

Conclusion

Handlist of Reformation Concerns and Their History

Bibliography

Author Index

Subject Index

Scripture Index

关于作者

G. R. Evans is professor of medieval theology and intellectual history at the University of Cambridge and was British Academy Research Reader in Theology from 1986 to 1988. She has written on a wide range of medieval authors including Augustine, Gregory the Great, Anselm, Bernard of Clairvaux and Alan of Lille. She has also written The Language and Logic of the Bible (Cambridge University Press) and Faith in the Medieval World (Inter Varsity Press).